Background. A relationship between social capital and health has been documented, however the evidence has been limited by a lack of consistency in the definition and measurement of social capital as a health-related construct. A review of literature between 1990 and 2002 (Carlson & Chamberlain, 2003) identified three main deficits related to social capital in research: lack of distinction of the concept as a geographic or individual attribute; inconsistencies in conceptual and operational definitions; and limited theoretical exploration of causal linkages. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the theoretical and empirical evidence relating social capital and health since Carlson & Chamberlain’s review. The aim was to provide a basis for research in nursing that incorporates the concept of social capital and takes into consideration the recent conceptual work that has occurred related to this concept. Method. A literature search of PubMed and CINHAL databases from 2002 to 2004 was performed using the search terms “social capital”, “health” and “nursing”. Criteria for inclusion in this study were a clear definition of social capital and a primary focus on the relationship between health and social capital. 167 articles were retrieved; 36 met inclusion criteria for the study. Results. A majority of articles refer to social capital as a geographical attribute and suggest theoretical bases for the relationship between health and social capital. The distinction between social support and social capital is recognized as an area in need of clarification. Conclusion. The attention to clarifying social capital’s theoretical and empirical linkages to health has led to greater consistency in definition and measurement of social concept. Nursing research will benefit from this concept’s recent maturity as a health-related concept. Recommendations include developing and testing measures of social capital that are specifc to health promotion.
Session #1186 - Occupational & Community Health
The 29th Annual MNRS Research Conference (April 1-4, 2005)